Therapeutic potential of TGF-β-induced CD4+Foxp3+regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases
Abstract
Foxp3(+) T regulatory cell (Treg) subsets play a crucial role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis against self-antigens. The lack or dysfunction of these cells contributes to the pathogenesis and development of many autoimmune diseases. Therefore, manipulation of these cells may provide a novel therapeutic approach to treat autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide current opinions concerning the classification, developmental, and functional characterization of Treg subsets. Particular emphasis will be focused on the therapeutic role of TGF-β-induced CD4M(+) Foxp3(+) cells (iTregs) in established autoimmune disease. Moreover, the similarity and diversity of iTregs and naturally occurring, thymus-derived CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (nTregs) will be discussed, including the finding that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 can convert nTregs to IL-17-producing cells, whereas iTregs induced by TGF-β are resistant to the effects of this cytokine. Understanding these aspects may help to determine how Tregs can be used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Key Biomarkers
Symptom Clusters
Cited By (1)
References (12)
- Natural and Induced CD4+CD25+ Cells Educate CD4+CD25− Cells to Develop Suppressive Activity: The Role of IL-2, TGF-β, and IL-10The Journal of Immunology · 2004
- Cutting Edge: Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Induced by IL-2 and TGF-β Are Resistant to Th17 Conversion by IL-6The Journal of Immunology · 2008
- Conversion of Peripheral CD4+CD25− Naive T Cells to CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells by TGF-β Induction of Transcription Factor Foxp3The Journal of Experimental Medicine · 2003
- The Foxp3+ regulatory T cell: a jack of all trades, master of regulationNature Immunology · 2008
- A Role for TGF-β in the Generation and Expansion of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells from Human Peripheral BloodThe Journal of Immunology · 2001
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