The nervous system and innate immunity: the neuropeptide connection
Brogden KA, Guthmiller JM, Salzet M +1 more2005Nature ImmunologyReview
CardiovascularEndocrine (ADH/ACTH/MSH)GastrointestinalHypothalamic-PituitaryImmune/InnateMusculoskeletalNeurologicalOcularRespiratory/Sinus
Bacterial EndotoxinsIndoor Mold (Stachybotrys, Aspergillus, etc.)MycotoxinsVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)Water-Damaged Buildings (WDB)
Abstract
Many neuropeptides and peptide hormones are very similar to antimicrobial peptides in their amino acid composition, amphipathic design, cationic charge and size. Their antimicrobial activities suggest they may also be directly involved in innate defense. Here we discuss recent advances in understanding how the mammalian nervous system, equipped with neuropeptides and peptide hormones with potent antimicrobial properties, might directly defend the host from microbial assault. As examples, we have chosen five well described, locally produced neuropeptides that may serve a previously unrecognized, direct antimicrobial, innate immune function in four anatomical sites.
Key Biomarkers
Alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)LeptinMatrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)Visual Contrast Sensitivity (VCS)
Symptom Clusters
Appetite: appetite swingsConstitutional: fatigue, night sweats, excessive thirst, frequent urinationMusculoskeletal: muscle aches, joint pain, ice pick painNeurological: memory loss, difficulty with concentration, confusion, word finding difficulty, light sensitivityNeuropsychological: mood swings, difficulty assimilating new knowledgeRespiratory: cough, shortness of breath, sinus congestionSomatosensory: tingling in extremities
Cited By (5)
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- Modulatory effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on intestinal mucosal immunity and microbial community of weaned piglets challenged by an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (K88)PLoS ONE · 2014
- Anti-inflammatory neuropeptides: A new class of endogenous immunoregulatory agentsBrain Behavior and Immunity · 2008
- Antimicrobial neuropeptides and their therapeutic potential in vertebrate brain infectious diseaseFrontiers in Immunology · 2024
- A Function of Amyloid-β in Mediating Activity-Dependent Axon/Synapse Competition May Unify Its Roles in Brain Physiology and PathologyJournal of Alzheimer s Disease · 2023
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