Comparison of inflammatory and cytotoxic lung responses in mice after intratracheal exposure to spores of two different Stachybotrys chartarum strains
Abstract
Stachybotrys chartarum is an important toxigenic fungus that has been associated with respiratory disease onset in animals and humans. While it can be separated into macrocyclic trichothecene- and atranone-producing chemotypes based on secondary metabolite production, effects of spores of the two chemotypes on lungs are poorly understood. In this study we used bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to investigate dose-response (30, 300, 3000 spores/g body weight [BW]) and time-course (3, 6, 24, 48, 96 h post instillation [PI]) relationships in mice to exposure of macrocyclic trichothecene- (JS 58-17) and atranone-producing (JS 58-06) S. chartarum strains, as well as Cladosporium cladosporioides spores. BALF total protein, albumin, pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha]), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations showed significant (p < 0.05) fungal species (S. chartarum vs. C. cladosporioides) and strain (58-17 vs. 58-06), spore dose and time dependent changes. The no adverse effect level (NOAEL) due to exposure to spores of JS 58-17 and JS 58-06 was < 30 spores/g BW; for C. cladosporioides it was < 300 spores/g BW. At moderate and high S. chartarum doses, BALF composition reflects differences in strain toxicity while at the lowest dose, BALF composition of either S. chartarum strain were similar. This suggests that at low spore doses, it is spore sequestered factors common to both strains not strain dependent toxins that are contributing to lung disease onset.
Key Biomarkers
Symptom Clusters
Cited By (13)
- The biocontaminants and complexity of damp indoor spaces: more than what meets the eyesToxicology and Industrial Health · 2009
- Sick building syndrome (SBS) and exposure to water-damaged buildings: Time series study, clinical trial and mechanismsNeurotoxicology and Teratology · 2006
- Comparison of Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Lungs Exposed to Atranones A And C fromStachybotrys ChartarumJournal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · 2006
- Stachybotrys chartarum: cause of human disease or media darling?Medical Mycology · 2003
- Stachybotrys chartarum, Trichothecene Mycotoxins, and Damp Building–Related Illness: New Insights into a Public Health EnigmaToxicological Sciences · 2008
- The role of fungal proteinases in pathophysiology of Stachybotrys chartarumMycopathologia · 2007
- Effects of low molecular weight fungal compounds on inflammatory gene transcription and expression in mouse alveolar macrophages
Related Papers
- Synergistic interaction in simultaneous exposure to Streptomyces californicus and Stachybotrys chartarumEnvironmental Health Perspectives · 2004 · 14 shared tags
- Localization of Satratoxin-G in Stachybotrys chartarum Spores and Spore-Impacted Mouse Lung Using ImmunocytochemistryToxicologic Pathology · 2004 · 14 shared tags
- Correction to “Maitotoxin induces biphasic interleukin-1β secretion and membrane blebbing in murine macrophages”Mol Pharmacol · 2004 · 14 shared tags
- HUMAN VISUAL FUNCTION IN THE NORTH CAROLINA CLINICAL STUDYON POSSIBLE ESTUARY-ASSOCIATED SYNDROMEJournal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · 2001 · 14 shared tags
- Effectiveness of cholestyramine in the detoxification of zearalenone as determined in miceBulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · 1995 · 14 shared tags
- Cholestyramine protection against ochratoxin A toxicity: role of ochratoxin A sorption by the resin and bile acid enterohepatic circulationJournal of Food Protection · 1999 ·