Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Macrophage Activation and Tolerance duringSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium Infection

Abstract

ABSTRACTToll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate immune response, particularly in the initial interaction between the infecting microorganism and phagocytic cells, such as macrophages. We investigated the role of TLR4 during infection of primary murine peritoneal macrophages withSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. We found that macrophages from the C3H/HeJ mouse strain, which carries a functionally inactive Tlr4 gene, exhibit marked impairment of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secretion in response toS. entericaserovar Typhimurium infection. However, activation of extracellular growth factor-regulated kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways was relatively unaffected, as was increased expression of TNF-α mRNA. Furthermore, macrophage tolerance, which is associated with increased expression of the NF-κB p50 and p52 subunits, was induced byS. entericaserovar Typhimurium even in the absence of functional TLR4. These results indicate that during infection of macrophages byS. entericaserovar Typhimurium, TLR4 signals are required at a posttranscriptional step to maximize secretion of TNF-α. Signals delivered by pattern recognition receptors other than TLR4 are sufficient for the increased expression of the TNF-α transcript and at least some genes associated with macrophage tolerance.

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