Mechanisms of Antiinflammatory Action of α‐MSH Peptides: In Vivo and in Vitro Evidence
Abstract
ABSTRACT: α‐Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) modulates all forms of inflammation by acting on peripheral inflammatory cells, glial inflammatory cells, and on CNS receptors that activate descending antiinflammatory neural pathways. The multiple actions of this ancient peptide suggest that there is no singular biochemical mechanism through which it exerts its antiinflammatory activity. However, research on IL‐10 deficient and Agouti protein hypersecreting mice provide new insights into the actions of the peptide in living animals. Studies of cultured human astrocytes, whole murine brain, and human monocyte/macrophages indicate that a primary effect of the peptide is modulation of activation of the nuclear transcription factor κB. The latter influence may underlie the established reduction of gene expression and production of proinflammatory peptides and inducible nitric oxide by α‐MSH peptides.
Key Biomarkers
Symptom Clusters
Cited By (7)
- Targeting melanocortin receptors as a novel strategy to control inflammationPharmacological Reviews · 2004
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- α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Inhibits Allergic Airway InflammationThe Journal of Immunology · 2003
- α-Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production in Leukocytes by Modulating Protein Kinase A, p38 Kinase, and Nuclear Factor κB Signaling PathwaysJournal of Biological Chemistry · 2003
- Lipopolysaccharide-induced leptin synthesis and release are differentially controlled by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormoneNeuroImmunoModulation · 2005
- Effect of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone on Interleukin 8 and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 Expression in a Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell LineOphthalmic Research · 2005
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