← Explorer/Network

Anti-inflammatory actions of the neuroimmunomodulator α-MSH

Lipton JM, Catania A1997Immunology TodayReview
10.1016/s0167-5699(97)01009-8PubMed
CardiovascularEndocrine (ADH/ACTH/MSH)GastrointestinalHypothalamic-PituitaryImmune/InnateMusculoskeletalNeurologicalOcularRespiratory/Sinus
Bacterial EndotoxinsIndoor Mold (Stachybotrys, Aspergillus, etc.)MycotoxinsVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)Water-Damaged Buildings (WDB)

Abstract

alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is an endogenous neuroimmunomodulatory peptide that inhibits fever and all major forms of experimental inflammation. In humans, concentrations of alpha-MSH are increased at sites of inflammation, and in plasma in inflammatory disorders and after infection of endotoxin. The effects of this 'anti-cytokine' peptide are mediated through alpha-MSH receptors and regulatory circuits in macrophages and neutrophils, and through descending neural anti-inflammatory pathways that originate from alpha-MSH receptors on neurons within the brain.

Key Biomarkers

Alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)LeptinMatrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)Visual Contrast Sensitivity (VCS)

Symptom Clusters

Appetite swingsConfusionCoughDifficulty with concentrationExcessive thirstFatigueFrequent urinationHeadacheJoint painLight sensitivityMemory lossMood swingsMuscle achesNight sweatsShortness of breathSinus congestionTingling in extremitiesWord finding difficulty

Cited By (46)

  • Targeting melanocortin receptors as a novel strategy to control inflammationPharmacological Reviews · 2004
  • α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone and Related Tripeptides: Biochemistry, Antiinflammatory and Protective Effects in Vitro and in Vivo, and Future Perspectives for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory DiseasesEndocrine Reviews
  • In vitro induction of CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells by the neuropeptide alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH)Immunology and Cell Biology · 2001
  • The immunomodulating neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) suppresses LPS-stimulated TLR4 with IRAK-M in macrophagesJournal of Neuroimmunology · 2005
  • Sick building syndrome (SBS) and exposure to water-damaged buildings: Time series study, clinical trial and mechanismsNeurotoxicology and Teratology · 2006
  • A time-series study of sick building syndrome: chronic, biotoxin-associated illness from exposure to water-damaged buildingsNeurotoxicology and Teratology · 2005

Related Papers

  • Synergistic interaction in simultaneous exposure to Streptomyces californicus and Stachybotrys chartarumEnvironmental Health Perspectives · 2004 · 14 shared tags
  • Comparison of inflammatory and cytotoxic lung responses in mice after intratracheal exposure to spores of two different Stachybotrys chartarum strainsToxicological Sciences · 2004 · 14 shared tags
  • Localization of Satratoxin-G in Stachybotrys chartarum Spores and Spore-Impacted Mouse Lung Using ImmunocytochemistryToxicologic Pathology · 2004 · 14 shared tags
  • Correction to “Maitotoxin induces biphasic interleukin-1β secretion and membrane blebbing in murine macrophages”Mol Pharmacol · 2004 · 14 shared tags
  • HUMAN VISUAL FUNCTION IN THE NORTH CAROLINA CLINICAL STUDYON POSSIBLE ESTUARY-ASSOCIATED SYNDROMEJournal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · 2001 · 14 shared tags
  • Effectiveness of cholestyramine in the detoxification of zearalenone as determined in miceBulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · 1995 ·
Mechanisms of Antiinflammatory Action of α‐MSH Peptides: In Vivo and in Vitro Evidence
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1999
  • Mechanisms of Antiinflammatory Action of the Neuroimmunomodulatory Peptide α‐MSHAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1998
  • The Neuropeptide α‐MSH in HIV Infection and Other Disorders in HumansaAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1998
  • Inhibition of Systemic Inflammation by Central Action of the Neuropeptide α-Melanocyte- Stimulating HormoneNeuroImmunoModulation · 1999
  • Therapeutical approaches of vasoactive intestinal peptide as a pleiotropic immunomodulatorCurrent Pharmaceutical Design · 2007
  • α‐MSH in Systemic Inflammation: Central and Peripheral ActionsAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1999
  • New Insights into the Functions of α‐MSH and Related Peptides in the Immune SystemAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2003
  • Ocular immunosuppressive microenvironmentChemical immunology and allergy · 2007
  • Neuropeptide Regulation of Immunity: The Immunosuppressive Activity of Alpha‐Melanocyte‐Stimulating Hormone (α‐MSH)Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2000
  • Detection of Functionally Active Melanocortin Receptors and Evidence for an Immunoregulatory Activity of α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in Human Dermal Papilla CellsEndocrinology · 2005
  • Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibits the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B activation induced by various inflammatory agentsThe Journal of Immunology · 1998
  • Inhibitory effects of the peptide (CKPV)2 on endotoxin-induced host reactionsJournal of Surgical Research · 2006
  • PRODUCTION AND EFFECTS OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE DURING ACUTE LUNG INJURYShock · 2007
  • Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associationsFrontiers in Immunology · 2022
  • Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH): biology, clinical relevance and implication in melanomaJournal of Translational Medicine · 2023
  • α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Is Decreased in Plasma of Patients with Acute Brain InjuryJournal of Neurotrauma · 2003
  • α-Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone Reduces Impact of Proinflammatory Cytokine and Peroxide-generated Oxidative Stress on Keratinocyte and Melanoma Cell LinesJournal of Biological Chemistry · 2000
  • Peptide Modulation of Fever and Inflammation within the BrainaAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1998
  • Plasma concentrations and anti-L-cytokine effects of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone in septic patientsCritical Care Medicine · 2000
  • Central neurotranspeptide, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is upregulated in patients with congestive heart failureInternal Medicine · 2006
  • Molecular Basis of the α‐MSH/IL‐1 AntagonismAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1999
  • The melanocortin system in control of inflammationThe Scientific World JOURNAL · 2010
  • Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Multiple Protective Influences of the Peptide α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in Experimental Heart TransplantationThe Journal of Immunology · 2005
  • α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Suppresses Antigen-Induced Lymphocyte Proliferation in Humans Independently of Melanocortin 1 Receptor Gene StatusThe Journal of Immunology · 2005
  • Receptor-Mediated Modulation of Murine Mast Cell Function by α-Melanocyte Stimulating HormoneThe Journal of Immunology · 1999
  • Targeting melanocortin receptors as potential novel therapeuticsPharmacology & Therapeutics · 2006
  • Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Maintains Retinal Homeostasis after Ischemia/ReperfusionBiomolecules · 2024
  • α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Inhibits NF-κB Activation and IκBα Degradation in Human Glioma Cells and in Experimental Brain InflammationExperimental Neurology · 1999
  • The Neuropeptide Alpha-Melanocyte–Stimulating Hormone Is Critical for Corneal Endothelial Cell Protection and Graft Survival after TransplantationAmerican Journal Of Pathology · 2021
  • Regulation of immune tolerance by anti-inflammatory neuropeptidesNature reviews. Immunology · 2007
  • Vasoactive intestinal peptide in the immune system: potential therapeutic role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseasesJournal of Molecular Medicine · 2001
  • Effect of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone on Interleukin 8 and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 Expression in a Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell LineOphthalmic Research · 2005
  • α-Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone in Normal Human Physiology and Disease StatesTrends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · 2000
  • The Neuropeptide α‐MSH in Host DefenseAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2000
  • Endogenous anti‐inflammatory neuropeptides and pro‐resolving lipid mediators: a new therapeutic approach for immune disordersJournal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · 2008
  • Induction of regulatory T cells by the immunodulating cytokines alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and transforming growth factor-beta 2Journal of Leukocyte Biology · 2002
  • The synthetic melanocortin (CKPV)(2) exerts broad anti-inflammatory effects in human neutrophilsPeptides · 2007
  • Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) selectively binds and activates the melanocortin -1 receptorPeptides · 1999
  • Melanocortin Signalling MechanismsAdvances in experimental medicine and biology · 2010
  • Alpha-MSH regulates protein ubiquitination in T cellsPubMed · 2006
  • References (5)

    • Identification of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone as a potential immunosuppressive factor in aqueous humorCurrent Eye Research · 1992
    • Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibits immunostimulatory and inflammatory actions of interleukin 1.The Journal of Immunology · 1986
    • Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone reduces endotoxin-induced liver inflammationJournal of Clinical Investigation · 1996
    • Alpha- Melanocyte-stimulating hormone induces hapten-specific tolerance in miceThe Journal of Immunology · 1996
    • Antiinflammatory influences of alpha-MSH molecules: central neurogenic and peripheral actionsJournal of Neuroscience · 1994
    14 shared tags