Anti-inflammatory actions of the neuroimmunomodulator α-MSH
Lipton JM, Catania A1997Immunology TodayReview
CardiovascularEndocrine (ADH/ACTH/MSH)GastrointestinalHypothalamic-PituitaryImmune/InnateMusculoskeletalNeurologicalOcularRespiratory/Sinus
Bacterial EndotoxinsIndoor Mold (Stachybotrys, Aspergillus, etc.)MycotoxinsVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)Water-Damaged Buildings (WDB)
Abstract
alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is an endogenous neuroimmunomodulatory peptide that inhibits fever and all major forms of experimental inflammation. In humans, concentrations of alpha-MSH are increased at sites of inflammation, and in plasma in inflammatory disorders and after infection of endotoxin. The effects of this 'anti-cytokine' peptide are mediated through alpha-MSH receptors and regulatory circuits in macrophages and neutrophils, and through descending neural anti-inflammatory pathways that originate from alpha-MSH receptors on neurons within the brain.
Key Biomarkers
Alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)LeptinMatrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)Visual Contrast Sensitivity (VCS)
Symptom Clusters
Appetite swingsConfusionCoughDifficulty with concentrationExcessive thirstFatigueFrequent urinationHeadacheJoint painLight sensitivityMemory lossMood swingsMuscle achesNight sweatsShortness of breathSinus congestionTingling in extremitiesWord finding difficulty
Cited By (46)
- Targeting melanocortin receptors as a novel strategy to control inflammationPharmacological Reviews · 2004
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- In vitro induction of CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells by the neuropeptide alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH)Immunology and Cell Biology · 2001
- The immunomodulating neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) suppresses LPS-stimulated TLR4 with IRAK-M in macrophagesJournal of Neuroimmunology · 2005
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