Cytokine-neurotransmitter interactions in the brain
De Simoni MG, Imeri L1998NeurosignalsReview
CardiovascularEndocrine (ADH/ACTH/MSH)GastrointestinalHypothalamic-PituitaryImmune/InnateMusculoskeletalNeurologicalOcularRespiratory/Sinus
Bacterial EndotoxinsIndoor Mold (Stachybotrys, Aspergillus, etc.)MycotoxinsVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)Water-Damaged Buildings (WDB)
Abstract
The data reviewed in this study show that immune-active molecules, such as infectious agents and their components, and cytokines, may induce profound alterations in several neurotransmitters in the CNS. The activation of the immune system elicits fever, behavioral and neuroendocrine changes and may be involved in neuropathological changes occurring in CNS conditions. These effects may be achieved through and accounted for by the changes induced in central neurotransmitters and in the neuroendocrine system by immune challenges. The present review will summarize the available evidence of the reciprocal interactions between cytokines and neurotransmitters in the CNS.
Key Biomarkers
Alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)LeptinMatrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)Visual Contrast Sensitivity (VCS)
Symptom Clusters
Constitutional: fatigue, night sweats, excessive thirst, appetite swingsGeneral: headache, frequent urinationMusculoskeletal: muscle aches, joint pain, ice pick painNeurological: memory loss, concentration difficulty, confusion, word finding difficulty, light sensitivityNeuropsychiatric: mood swings, sleep disturbanceRespiratory: cough, shortness of breath, sinus congestionSensory: tingling in extremities
Related Papers
- Synergistic interaction in simultaneous exposure to Streptomyces californicus and Stachybotrys chartarumEnvironmental Health Perspectives · 2004 · 14 shared tags
- Comparison of inflammatory and cytotoxic lung responses in mice after intratracheal exposure to spores of two different Stachybotrys chartarum strainsToxicological Sciences · 2004 · 14 shared tags
- Localization of Satratoxin-G in Stachybotrys chartarum Spores and Spore-Impacted Mouse Lung Using ImmunocytochemistryToxicologic Pathology · 2004 · 14 shared tags
- Correction to “Maitotoxin induces biphasic interleukin-1β secretion and membrane blebbing in murine macrophages”Mol Pharmacol · 2004 · 14 shared tags
- HUMAN VISUAL FUNCTION IN THE NORTH CAROLINA CLINICAL STUDYON POSSIBLE ESTUARY-ASSOCIATED SYNDROMEJournal of Toxicology and Environmental Health · 2001 · 14 shared tags
- Effectiveness of cholestyramine in the detoxification of zearalenone as determined in miceBulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · 1995 ·