Erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in human ischemic/hypoxic brain
Abstract
Using immunohistochemistry, expression of erythropoietin (EPO), a hypoxia-inducible neuroprotective factor, and its receptor (EPOR) were investigated in human brain tissue after ischemia/hypoxia. Autopsy brains of neuropathologically normal subjects were compared to those with ischemic infarcts or hypoxic damage. In normal brain, weak EPO/EPOR immunoreactivity was mainly neuronal. In fresh infarcts, EPO immunoreactivity appeared in vascular endothelium, EPOR in microvessels and neuronal fibers. In older infarcts reactive astrocytes exhibited EPO/EPOR immunoreactivity. Acute hypoxic brain damage was associated with vascular EPO expression, older hypoxic damage with EPO/EPOR immunoreactivity in reactive astrocytes. The pronounced up-regulation of EPO/EPOR in human ischemic/hypoxic brains underlines their role as an endogenous neuroprotective system and suggests a novel therapeutic potential in cerebrovascular disease for EPO, a clinically well-characterized and safe compound.
Part of CIRS Nexus · Curated by Lauren Lowenstein, The Biotoxin Lady
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Cited By (14)
- Erythropoietin selectively attenuates cytokine production and inflammation in cerebral ischemia by targeting neuronal apoptosisThe Journal of Experimental Medicine · 2003
- RETRACTED: Local erythropoietin signaling enhances regeneration in peripheral axonsNeuroscience · 2008
- Hematopoietic factor erythropoietin fosters neuroprotection through novel signal; transduction cascadesJournal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · 2002
- Erythropoietin as an antiapoptotic, tissue-protective cytokineCell Death and Differentiation · 2004
- Intrinsic and extrinsic erythropoietin enhances neuroprotection against ischemia and reperfusion injury in vitroJournal of Neurochemistry · 2006
- Erythropoietin and the nervous systemBrain Research · 2004
- Beneficial and ominous aspects of the pleiotropic action of erythropoietinAnnals of Hematology · 2004
- Erythropoietin as a Tissue-Protective Cytokine in Brain Injury: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?The Neuroscientist · 2004
- The brain erythropoietin system and its potential for therapeutic exploitation in brain diseaseJournal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology · 2006
- Erythropoietin: novel approaches to neuroprotection in human brain diseaseMetabolic Brain Disease · 2004
- Higher Cumulative Doses of Erythropoietin and Developmental Outcomes in Preterm InfantsPEDIATRICS · 2009
- Central nervous system frontiers for the use of erythropoietinClinical Infectious Diseases · 2003
- Erythropoietin (epoetin) as a protective factor for the brainCurrent Atherosclerosis Reports · 2004
- Erythropoietin as a novel neuroprotectantRestorative neurology and neuroscience · 2004
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