Exposure to bioaerosol in the residential environment

Abstract

The aim of review was to describe the knowledge about exposures to bacteria, fungi and viruses present in bioaerosol in residential environment in moderate climate condition, in connection with health effects in humans, their sources. The basis for the narrative literature review were peer-reviewed papers published between January 2000 and September 2023 in English and Polish, meeting the established criteria. Knowledge about fungi, bacteria and viruses harmful to humans that may be present in the indoor air of dwellings was described. Into review are included components of the cell walls of bacteria (endotoxins) and fungi ((1-3)-β-D-glucans) and produced by them primary or secondary metabolites, including microbial volatile organic compounds and mycotoxins. Health effects that may occur in individuals exposed to bioaerosol by inhalation are described, including infectious, allergic and immunotoxic effects, mainly in respiratory system. Harmful effects of high concentrations of fungi inhalation exposure in dampness and mouldy buildings were described. Significant animate and inanimate sources of bioaerosol in living environment were indicated. The most important results of the literature review are presented in form of tables. The quantitative and qualitative composition of bioaerosol depends on the type and number of sources of bacteria, fungi and viruses, microclimatic and climatic conditions, and the type and specificity of the building. The type of negative health effects in humans depends on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the bioaerosol and the individual susceptibility and health status of the person. Prevention of adverse health effects consists of limitations the number of sources and diluting the concentration of bioaerosol. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(6):545-560.