Effect of Smoking and Periodontitis on Adropin Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

Abstract

Objectives: One of the most significant environmental risk factors, smoking, acts both locally and systemically to contribute to the pathophysiology and development of periodontal diseases. The purpose of this research is to quantify and contrast the levels of adropin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), which have a comparable mode of action to periodontal disorders and smoking-related endothelial wall dysfunction. Materials and methods: In total, 80 participants were enrolled in this study: 40 patients with periodontitis (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and 40 healthy control patients (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers). GCF samples were obtained, and clinical parameters (plaque index, gingival index, clinical attachment level, and probing pocket depth) were noted for each participant. To measure the amount of adropin, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was employed. Shapiro Wilk, Mann Whitney U, Kruskall Wallis, and Chi square tests were used to statistically analyze the clinical and biochemical parameters. Results: Periodontitis, GCF adropin concentrations and periodontal clinical index averages were higher than healthy patients (p