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Th-17 cells in the circle of immunity and autoimmunity

Bettelli E, Oukka M, Kuchroo VK2007Nature ImmunologyReview
10.1038/ni0407-345PubMed
Immune/Innate

Abstract

CD4(+) effector T cells have been categorized into two subsets: T helper type 1 (T(H)1) and T(H)2. Another subset of T cells that produce interleukin 17 (IL-17; 'T(H)-17 cells') has been identified that is highly proinflammatory and induces severe autoimmunity. Whereas IL-23 serves to expand previously differentiated T(H)-17 cell populations, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induce the differentiation of T(H)-17 cells from naive precursors. These data suggest a dichotomy between CD4(+) regulatory T cells positive for the transcription factor Foxp3 and T(H)-17 cells: TGF-beta induces Foxp3 and generates induced regulatory T cells, whereas IL-6 inhibits TGF-beta-driven Foxp3 expression and together with TGF-beta induces T(H)-17 cells. Emerging data regarding T(H)-17 cells suggest a very important function for this T cell subset in immunity and disease.

Key Biomarkers

Foxp3IL-17IL-6TGF-beta

Symptom Clusters

AutoimmunityProinflammatory response

Cited By (21)

  • The dynamics of effector T cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the promotion and regulation of autoimmune encephalomyelitisJournal of Neuroimmunology · 2007
  • Regulatory T cells/T-helper cell 17 functional imbalance in uraemic patients on maintenance haemodialysis: a pivotal link between microinflammation and adverse cardiovascular eventsNephrology · 2010
  • All-trans retinoic acid down-regulates inflammatory responses by shifting the Treg/Th17 profile in human ulcerative and murine colitisJournal of Leukocyte Biology · 2009
  • Imbalance between T helper type 17 and T regulatory cells in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: the serum cytokine profile and peripheral cell populationClinical & Experimental Immunology · 2009
  • IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory TH17 cellsNature · 2007
  • Characterization of Interleukin-17–Producing Regulatory T Cells in Inflamed Intestinal Mucosa From Patients With Inflammatory Bowel DiseasesGastroenterology · 2010

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    • References (2)

    • Conversion of Peripheral CD4+CD25− Naive T Cells to CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells by TGF-β Induction of Transcription Factor Foxp3The Journal of Experimental Medicine · 2003
    • Transforming growth factor-beta induces development of the T (H)17 lineageNature · 2006