Contextual Regulation of Inflammation: A Duet by Transforming Growth Factor-β and Interleukin-10
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) are regulatory cytokines with pleiotropic roles in the immune system. The prominent function of TGF-beta is to maintain T cell tolerance to self or innocuous environmental antigens via its direct effects on the differentiation and homeostasis of effector and regulatory T cells. A critical route for the regulation of T cells by TGF-beta is via activation of a T cell-produced latent form of TGF-beta1 by dendritic cell-expressed avbeta8 integrin. IL-10 operates primarily as a feedback inhibitor of exuberant T cell responses to microbial antigens. T cells are also the principal producers of IL-10, the expression of which is regulated by IL-27, IL-6, and TGF-beta. The collective activity of TGF-beta and IL-10 ensures a controlled inflammatory response specifically targeting pathogens without evoking excessive immunopathology to self-tissues.
Part of CIRS biomarkers research · Curated by Lauren Lowenstein, The Biotoxin Lady
Key Biomarkers
Cited By (5)
- From IL-2 to IL-37: the expanding spectrum of anti-inflammatory cytokinesNature Immunology · 2012
- Anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory roles of TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-22 in immunity and autoimmunityCurrent Opinion in Pharmacology · 2009
- Plasmodium falciparum–Mediated Induction of Human CD25hiFoxp3hi CD4 T Cells Is Independent of Direct TCR Stimulation and Requires IL-2, IL-10 and TGFβPLoS Pathogens · 2009
- Stimulation of human butyrophilin 3 molecules results in negative regulation of cellular immunityJournal of Leukocyte Biology · 2010
- Over‐expression of forkhead box P3 and its association with receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κ B ligand, interleukin (IL) ‐17, IL‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β during the progression of chronic periodontitisJournal Of Clinical Periodontology · 2009
References (5)
- TGF-β1 Plays an Important Role in the Mechanism of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Activity in Both Humans and MiceThe Journal of Immunology · 2004
- Conversion of Peripheral CD4+CD25− Naive T Cells to CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells by TGF-β Induction of Transcription Factor Foxp3The Journal of Experimental Medicine · 2003
- CD4+CD25− T Cells That Express Latency-Associated Peptide on the Surface Suppress CD4+CD45RBhigh-Induced Colitis by a TGF-β-Dependent MechanismThe Journal of Immunology · 2003
- Generation Ex Vivo of TGF-β-Producing Regulatory T Cells from CD4+CD25− PrecursorsThe Journal of Immunology · 2002
- Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-β1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory diseaseNature · 1992
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