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Induced Production of Nitric Oxide, Tumor Necrosis Factor, and Interleukin-6 in RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Streptomycetes from Indoor Air of Moldy Houses

Hirvonen MR, Nevalainen A, Makkonen N +2 more1997Archives of Environmental Health An International JournalJournal Article
10.1080/00039899709602221PubMed
Immune/InnateRespiratory/Sinus
ActinomycetesIndoor Mold (Stachybotrys, Aspergillus, etc.)Water-Damaged Buildings (WDB)

Abstract

Dampness and mold growth in buildings cause spore generation into indoor air, which is associated with respiratory tract disorders. Specific agents or cellular mechanisms of diseases have not yet been identified. In this study, airborne spores of Streptomyces sp., isolated from moldy houses, stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, which produced tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 and induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, with subsequent nitric oxide production. Spores of other microorganisms typically found in moldy houses did not markedly increase the production of these inflammatory mediators. The data implied a mechanism by which Streptomyces sp. may lead to respiratory tract disorders in individuals who live in moldy houses.

Key Biomarkers

inducible nitric oxide synthaseInterleukin-6Nitric oxideTumor necrosis factor alpha

Symptom Clusters

Respiratory tract disorders

Cited By (15)

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  • Systemic Immunoresponses in Mice after Repeated Exposure of Lungs to Spores of Streptomyces californicusClinical and Vaccine Immunology · 2003
  • Stachybotrys chartarum, Trichothecene Mycotoxins, and Damp Building–Related Illness: New Insights into a Public Health EnigmaToxicological Sciences · 2008
  • Respiratory inflammatory responses among occupants of a water-damaged office buildingIndoor Air · 2008
  • Inflammatory responses in Raw264.7 macrophages caused by mycobacteria isolated from moldy housesEnvironmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · 2000
  • EFFECT OF LINER AND CORE MATERIALS OF PLASTERBOARD ON MICROBIAL GROWTH, SPORE-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES, AND CYTOTOXICITY IN MACROPHAGES

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