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The weight of leptin in immunity

La Cava A, Matarese G2004Nature reviews. ImmunologyReview
10.1038/nri1350PubMed
CardiovascularEndocrine (ADH/ACTH/MSH)GastrointestinalHypothalamic-PituitaryImmune/InnateMusculoskeletalNeurologicalOcularRespiratory/Sinus
Bacterial EndotoxinsIndoor Mold (Stachybotrys, Aspergillus, etc.)MycotoxinsVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)Water-Damaged Buildings (WDB)

Abstract

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone/cytokine that links nutritional status with neuroendocrine and immune functions. As a hormone, leptin regulates food intake and basal metabolism, and is sexually dimorphic - that is, its serum concentration is higher in females than in males with a similar body fat mass. As a cytokine, leptin can affect thymic homeostasis and the secretion of acute-phase reactants such as interleukin-1 and tumour-necrosis factor. Similar to other pro-inflammatory cytokines, leptin promotes T helper 1 (TH1)-cell differentiation and can modulate the onset and progression of autoimmune responses in several animal models of disease. Here, we review the advances and controversy for a role of leptin in the pathophysiology of immune responses.

Key Biomarkers

Alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)LeptinMatrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)Visual Contrast Sensitivity (VCS)

Symptom Clusters

Autonomic dysfunction (excessive thirst, frequent urination, night sweats)Cognitive dysfunction (memory loss, concentration difficulty)Fatigue and muscle achesHeadaches and light sensitivityJoint and muscle painMood and appetite disturbancesNeurological dysfunctionPeripheral neuropathySinus congestion and respiratory symptomsVisual disturbances

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  • Role for Leptin and Leptin Receptors in Stem Cells During Health and DiseasesStem Cell Reviews and Reports · 2021
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    • References (4)

    • Multiple Cytokines and Acute Inflammation Raise Mouse Leptin Levels: Potential Role in Inflammatory AnorexiaThe Journal of Experimental Medicine · 1997
    • Endotoxin stimulates leptin in the human and nonhuman primateThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2003
    • Leptin in the regulation of immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesisJournal of Leukocyte Biology · 2000
    • Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-RCell · 1995
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