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Detection of AirborneStachybotrys chartarumMacrocyclic Trichothecene Mycotoxins on Particulates Smaller than Conidia

Brasel TL, Douglas DR, Wilson SC +1 more2005Applied and Environmental MicrobiologyJournal Article
10.1128/AEM.71.1.114-122.2005PubMedFree full text
CardiovascularEndocrine (ADH/ACTH/MSH)GastrointestinalHypothalamic-PituitaryImmune/InnateMusculoskeletalNeurologicalOcularRespiratory/Sinus
ActinomycetesBacterial EndotoxinsIndoor Mold (Stachybotrys, Aspergillus, etc.)MycotoxinsVolatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)Water-Damaged Buildings (WDB)

Abstract

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Jan. 2005, p. 114–122 Vol. 71, No. 1 0099-2240/05/$08.000 doi:10.1128/AEM.71.1.114–122.2005 Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Detection of Airborne Stachybotrys chartarum Macrocyclic Trichothecene Mycotoxins on Particulates Smaller than Conidia T. L. Brasel, D. R. Douglas, S. C. Wilson, and D. C. Straus* Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas Received 22 March 2004/Accepted 16 August 2004 Highly respirable particles (diameter, <1 m) constitute the majority of particulate matter found in indoor air. It is hypothesized that these particles serve as carriers for toxic compounds, specifically the compounds produced by molds in water-damaged buildings. The presence of airborne Stachybotrys chartarum trichothecene mycotoxins on particles smaller than conidia (e.g., fungal fragments) was therefore investigated. Cellulose ceiling tiles with confluent Stachybotrys growth were placed in gas-drying containers through which filtered air was passed. Exiting particulates were collected by using a series of polycarbonate membrane filters with decreasing pore sizes. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to determine the presence of conidia on the filters. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for macrocyclic trichothecenes was used to analyze filter extracts. Cross-reactivity to various mycotoxins was examined to confirm the specificity. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) ELISA binding was observed primarily for macrocyclic trichothecenes at concentrations of 50 and 5 ng/ml and 500 pg/ml (58.4 to 83.5% inhibition). Of the remaining toxins tested, only verrucarol and diacetylverrucarol (nonmacrocyclic trichothecenes) demonstrated significant binding (18.2 and 51.7% inhibition, respectively) and then only at high concentrations. The results showed that extracts from conidium-free filters demonstrated statistically sign

Key Biomarkers

Alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)Immunoglobulin E (IgE)LeptinMatrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)Visual Contrast Sensitivity (VCS)

Symptom Clusters

Appetite swingsConfusionCoughDifficulty with concentrationExcessive thirstFatigueFrequent urinationHeadacheJoint painLight sensitivityMemory lossMood swingsMuscle achesNight sweatsShortness of breathSinus congestionTingling in extremitiesWord finding difficulty

Cited By (24)

  • Co-occurrence of toxic bacterial and fungal secondary metabolites in moisture-damaged indoor environmentsIndoor Air · 2011
  • Satratoxin G from the Black Mold Stachybotrys chartarum Evokes Olfactory Sensory Neuron Loss and Inflammation in the Murine Noseand BrainEnvironmental Health Perspectives · 2006
  • The biocontaminants and complexity of damp indoor spaces: more than what meets the eyesToxicology and Industrial Health · 2009
  • Sick building syndrome (SBS) and exposure to water-damaged buildings: Time series study, clinical trial and mechanismsNeurotoxicology and Teratology · 2006
  • A water-damaged home and health of occupants: a case studyJournal of Environmental and Public Health · 2012
  • Detection of trichothecene mycotoxins in sera from individuals exposed to Stachybotrys chartarum in indoor environmentsArchives of Environmental Health An International Journal · 2004
  • Indoor Exposure to Mould Allergens

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