Complement activation in Lyme neuroborreliosis — Increased levels of C1q and C3a in cerebrospinal fluid indicate complement activation in the CNS
Henningsson AJ, Ernerudh J, Sandholm K +6 more2007Journal of NeuroimmunologyJournal Article
Immune/InnateNeurological
Lyme & Co-Infections
Abstract
A strong initial inflammatory response is important in neuroborreliosis. Since complement is a main player in early inflammation, we monitored the concentration and activation of complement in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from 298 patients, of whom 23 were diagnosed with neuroborreliosis. Using sandwich ELISAs, we found significantly elevated levels of C1q, C4, C3, and C3a in cerebrospinal fluid, but not in plasma, in patients with neuroborreliosis. This finding indicates that complement plays a role in the human immune response in neuroborreliosis, that the immunologic process is compartmentalized to the CNS, and that complement activation may occur via the classical pathway.
Key Biomarkers
C1qC3C3aC4
References (6)
- Innate immune responses in Lyme borreliosis: enhanced tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-12 in asymptomatic individuals in response to live spirochetesClinical & Experimental Immunology · 2005
- Different genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi are associated with distinct clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosisClinical Infectious Diseases · 1993
- An epidemiologic study of Lyme disease in southern SwedenNew England Journal of Medicine · 1995
- Effect of complement component C3 deficiency on experimental Lyme Borreliosis in miceInfection and Immunity · 2003
- Mechanism of complement resistance of pathogenic Borrelia burgdorferi isolatesInternational Immunopharmacology · 2001
- Immune evasion of Borrelia burgdorferi: insufficient killing of the pathogens by complement and antibodyInternational Journal of Medical Microbiology · 2002
Related Papers
- Herbal Therapeutics for CIRS Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Mechanistic and Molecular Approach for Neuroimmune Pathology in PediatricsMedical Research Archives · 2025 · 3 shared tags
- Exploring Structured Camel Milk Therapy Alongside an Individualised Botanical Support Protocol to Facilitate Immune Modulation in a Child Diagnosed with PANS/PANDAS Co-Morbid with Lyme Disease and AutismJournal of Camel Practice and Research · 2025 · 3 shared tags
- Neuroplasticity Intervention, Amygdala and Insula Retraining (AIR), Significantly Improves Overall Health and Functioning Across Various Chronic Conditions.PubMed · 2023 · 3 shared tags
- Introduction to Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (CIRS)2023 · 3 shared tags
- TUBB1, TUBA4A and MAPK as Indicators of Die-Back Degenerative Central Nervous System Disease in Patients Sickened by Specific Exposure to the Interior Environment of Water- Damaged BuildingsMedical Research Archives · 2023 · 3 shared tags
- Autism Spectrum Disorders and Lyme Disease: Exploring Shared Neuro-Inflammatory and Immune Pathways