Innate Immunity and Protective Neuroinflammation: New Emphasis on the Role of Neuroimmune Regulatory Proteins

Abstract

INNATE IMMUNITY AND PROTECTIVE NEUROINFIAMMATION: NEW EMPHASIS ON 'THE ROLE OF NEUROIMMUNE REGULATORY PROTEINS M. Griffiths,* J. W. N e ~ l , ~ ond P. G ~ s ~ u e * , ' . ~ 'Brain Inflammation and Immunity Group (BIIG], Department of Medical Biochemistry School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF144XN Cardiff, United Kingdom '~e~artment of Hi~to~athology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University CF144XN Cardiff, United Kingdom ' ~ r o u ~ e de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et inflammotoires GRII, LBGM, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of la Reunion Saint Denis, Ile de la Reunion I. Ct~aracterisri~\ of tllc Cellular arid h l o l r ~ u l d ~ 11111'11~ I I ~ ~ I ~ ~ u I ~ c Krslx>n\ivs i l l thc UL..LIII 11. Innat? l r r ~ ~ n u r ~ r Kesl~oll\r 111 Hrdl~li: 'I'llc. Kcy Kolr of Phy>ical Bnrl.l<.rz 111. Imrnunoprivileged Status ofthc Brain hy Prevc~~ting thr 1nfiltr;ltinn nfI'ntcnti;llly Hilrmful Systemic Immune Cells: Rulcb of ACAMPs IV. Protectivc Innatc Inimunc Response During Brain Infcrtir~~l ;irld Irill:ui~ni;t~ion to Prt~~iiirlc the Cleararlcc of Pathogens: Roles of PAMPs V. Il~teractions of Innate Immunc Molecules with Toxic I'rorrin.;: Rolrs of I1l'AhlP~ V1. Rrplating thc Innatr Immune Response in thc CNS \Vhil<: I'rnmntinx 'I'i\\iur Krll:~ir: ILoles of Neuroirnmune Regulatory Molecules VII. Innate Imrnunity and Neurogcnesis 1'111. 'The Canonical Innate Immune System in thc CNS: 'J'lic Complrmrr~t Syqtrm W. Conclusion: Elements to Drivc Innatc Immunc Ncuroprotcrti\,r Arlivilit..; G l o s s q Rel'ercncer Brain inflammation due to infection, hemorrhagc, and aging is associated with activation of the local innate immune system as exprcsscd by infiltrating cells, rcsidcnt glial cclls, and neurons. -1'hc innatc immune rcsponsc rcl~cs on the detection of "nonself" and "danger-sclf" ligar~ds behav~ng as "eat mc siLgnalsn by a plcthora of pattcrn recognition receptors (PRRs) cxpressrd by profi.ssior~al and amateur phagocytes to promote the clczran