The Role of Pesticides in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes: A Review of Possible Mechanisms

Abstract

Pesticides are chemical substances used to eliminate various pests. Currently, more than two million tons of pesticides are used annually in developing and developed countries. One of the chronic diseases associated with pesticide poisoning is diabetes. This review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved in the development of diabetes after pesticide poisoning. Relevant information was collected between January and May 2024, using databases such as PubMed, Google Academic, and Elsevier. Pesticides reduce the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the intestine, thereby decreasing the release of insulin. Moreover, pesticides are metabolized to acetic acid by intestinal microbiota. This contributes to gluconeogenesis in the liver. In addition, the accumulation of pesticides in adipose tissue affects pancreatic beta-cells (β-cells) through increases in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and the release of leptin, resulting in insulin resistance and impairments of appetite control and energy balance. These alterations caused by pesticides can contribute to the development of diabetes by affecting many organic systems.

Part of CIRS biomarkers research · Curated by Lauren Lowenstein, The Biotoxin Lady

Key Biomarkers