Hypothalamic Mechanisms Contributing to Cancer Cachexia

Abstract

Cachexia is a complex multiorgan syndrome associated with various chronic diseases, characterized by anorexia and increased tissue wasting in the context of chronic inflammation. A specific form of this syndrome, known as cancer cachexia (CC), occurs alongside different types of tumors. The pathogenesis of CC is multifactorial, with inflammatory mediators and hormones released by either the tumor or the host identified as key drivers of the peripheral catabolic process through several direct mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that the central nervous system (CNS) is also recognized as an integral component in the pathogenesis of CC. Hypothalamus has emerged as a critical brain area that senses and amplifies peripheral stimuli, generating an inappropriate neuronal signaling, leading to deregulation of feeding behavior and impaired control of energy homeostasis. Circulating cytokines may act in concert with hormones and neurotransmitters and perturbate the hypothalamic melanocortin system, shifting its activity towards the anorexigenic pathway and increase energy expenditure. The purpose of this review is to provide insights on the potential mechanisms mediating the hypothalamic inflammation in the context of anorexia and cachexia associated with cancer.

Part of CIRS Nexus · Curated by Lauren Lowenstein, The Biotoxin Lady

Symptom Clusters