Bioactive analogues and drug delivery systems of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) for the treatment of asthma/COPD

Abstract

Bioactive analogues and drug delivery systems of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) for the treatment of asthma/COPD Satomi Onoue a,b,c,*, Shizuo Yamada c, Takehiko Yajima a a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan b Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Nagoya Laboratories, Pfizer Japan Inc., Taketoyo, Aichi 470-2393, Japan c Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and COE Program in the 21st Century, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan 1. Introduction Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) [64], an octacosapeptide, is a member of a family of regulatory peptides that includes PACAP27 and 38 [41], glucagon [75], secretin [34], and helodermin [29]. These are short, linear peptides consisting of 27–39 amino acid residues, and they show significant sequence homology and even secondary structure, featuring random coil structures at the N-terminus and long a-helical structures at the C-terminus [52]. VIP and its receptor are widely distributed in the body, including the heart, lungs, digestive and genitourinary tract, eyes, skin, ovaries, and thyroid gland [77]. VIP is one of the major peptide transmitters in the central and peripheral nervous systems, being involved in a wide range of biological functions in organisms [1], including metabolic processes, exocrine and endocrine secre- tions, cell differentiation, relaxation of smooth muscle [63], secretion of regulatory hormones [56], and the regulation of immune response [18]. On the basis of its numerous biological actions, VIP has been considered a candidate for p e p t i d e s 2 8 ( 2 0 0 7 ) 1 6 4 0 – 1 6 5 0 a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 31 January 2007 Received in revised form 4 April 2007 Accepted 13 April 2007 Published on line 22 April 2007 Keywords: VIP Asthma COPD Dry powder inhaler Drug delivery